加利福尼亚州未成年人医疗同意和保密法
CALIFORNIA MINOR CONSENT AND CONFIDENTIALITY LAWS
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任何年纪的未成年 可以同意
法规、细则
医疗提供者是否 可以/必须 通知其家长该医治或披露相关医疗信息？
怀孕未成年人可以同意接与避孕或治疗妊娠有关的医疗服务，而绝育除外。（家庭法§ 6925）不允许医疗保健提供者在未经未成年人同意的情况下通知家长或其法定监护人。提供者仅可以在以下前提与他们分享未成年人的医疗信息：未成年人签署授权书。（健康和安全法§§ 123110(a), 123115(a)(1); 民法§§ 56.10, 56.11） 避孕未成年人可以在不经家长同意的情况下接受避孕措施。（家庭法§ 6925） 堕胎未成年人可以同意堕胎而无需其家长的同意。（家庭法§ 6925；以及判例 American Academy of Pediatrics v. Lungren, 16 Cal.4th 307 (1997）
未经未成年人的同意，医疗保健提供者不得通知其家长或法定监护人。提供者只能在未成年人签名授权下向他们披露未成年人的医疗信息。
（Lungren案判例；健康和安全法§§123110(a), 123115(a)(1)；民法§§ 56.10, 56.11）
性侵的相关救治服务 仅出于未成年人同意医疗保健的目的，此处所列性侵包括口交，鸡奸，和其他类型性犯罪。
【可能】曾遭受过性侵的未成年可以同意接受医疗保健相关的诊断，治疗和收集与之相关的医疗证据。（家庭法§ 6928）医疗保健提供者必须尝试与未成年人的家长/监护人联系，并在未成年人病历中记录尝试联系的日期和时间，以及是否联系成功。如果治疗专家合理地认为其家长/监护人实施了侵犯，则该规定不适用。（家庭法§ 6928）
根据加州法律，对未成年人的强奸和性侵犯都被视为虐待儿童，包括医疗健康提供者在内的授权吹哨人必须举报此类行径。提供者不能在未经青少年同意的情况下向其家长透露他们已提交此报告。但是，应告知青少年患者，调查该报告的虐待儿童相关机构可能会向其家长披露该举报。（刑法§§ 11165.1, 11165.6, 11166, 11167）
对未满12岁未成年被强奸的相关救治服务 对强奸的定义适用刑法§ 261
请参阅下文的“已满12岁未成年被强奸的相关救治服务”
可能遭遇强奸的未满12岁未成年人 “可以同意接受医疗与诊断，治疗和收集有关强奸方面的医学证据。“（家庭法§ 6928）
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MINORS OF ANY AGE MAY CONSENT LAW/DETAILS MAY/MUST THE HEALTH CARE PROVIDER INFORM A PARENT ABOUT THIS CARE OR DISCLOSE RELATED MEDICAL INFORMATION TO THEM? PREGNANCY“A minor may consent to medical care related to the prevention or treatment of pregnancy,” except sterilization. (Fam. Code § 6925).The health care provider is not permitted to inform a parent or legal guardian without the minor’s consent. The provider can only share the minor’s medical information with them with a signed authorization from the minor. (Health & Saf. Code §§ 123110(a), 123115(a)(1); Civ. Code §§ 56.10, 56.11). CONTRACEPTION A minor may receive birth control without parental consent. (Fam. Code § 6925). ABORTIONA minor may consent to an abortion without parental consent. (Fam. Code § 6925; American Academy of Pediatrics v. Lungren,16 Cal.4th 307 (1997)).The health care provider is not permitted to inform a parent or legal guardian without the minor’s consent. The provider can only share the minor’s medical information with them with a signed authorization from the minor. (American Academy of Pediatrics v. Lungren, 16 Cal.4th 307 (1997); Health & Safety Code §§ 123110(a), 123115(a)(1); Civ. Code §§ 56.10, 56.11). SEXUAL ASSAULT1 SERVICES 1For the purposes of minor consent health care alone, sexual assault includes acts of oral copulation, sodomy, and other crimes of a sexual nature.“A minor who [may] have been sexually assaulted may consent to medical care related to the diagnosis, treatment and the collection of medical evidence with regard to the …assault.” (Fam. Code § 6928).The health care provider must attempt to contact the minor’s parent/guardian and note in the minor’s record the day and time of the attempted contact and whether it was successful. This provision does not apply if the treating professional reasonably believes that the parent/guardian committed the assault. (Fam. Code § 6928).
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